Some operational constraints can also have an impact on that choice, such as characteristics of the survey frame. When choosing a probability sample design, the goal is to minimize the sampling error of the estimates for the most important survey variables, while simultaneously minimizing the time and cost of conducting the survey. There are several different ways in which a probability sample can be selected. However, because units from the population are randomly selected and each unit’s selection probability can be calculated, reliable estimates can be produced and statistical inferences can be made about the population. Probability sampling is more complex, more time-consuming and usually more costly than non-probability sampling. Probability sampling refers to the selection of a sample from a population, when this selection is based on the principle of randomization, that is, random selection or chance.
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